arterial hypertension

Overview

Arterial hypertension, commonly referred to as hypertension, is a chronic condition defined by persistently elevated arterial Blood Pressure. It is a major cardiovascular risk factor and a frequent comorbidity across many disease states, including type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, obesity, atrial fibrillation/flutter, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and cardiovascular disease more broadly. In biomedical research, arterial hypertension is often studied both as a disease endpoint and as a mechanistic driver of vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and downstream organ injury involving the heart, kidneys, and vasculature.

From a pathophysiological perspective, recent research contexts highlight links between arterial hypertension and the renin–angiotensin system, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, immune activation, and vascular remodeling. These studies also place hypertension within broader cardiometabolic networks involving dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and lifestyle factors such as exercise and diet. As a result, arterial hypertension remains a central target for prevention, risk stratification, and therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular medicine.

Focus of Latest Publications

Recent publications used arterial hypertension as a clinical phenotype, comorbidity, or mechanistic endpoint across diverse settings. Several studies emphasized its role as a prevalent and significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. One trial rationale, the COHERENT study, specifically framed hypertension as the only early-stage cardiovascular disease present and proposed testing whether low-dose colchicine could prevent deleterious vascular function changes and progression to overt cardiovascular disease. Another study on angiotensin receptor blocker-treated hypertension reported that a residual risk of myocardial infarction persists despite treatment, motivating interpretable deep learning with pharmacogenomics to refine risk prediction.

Hypertension was also examined in relation to treatment effectiveness and Blood Pressure control. A post hoc analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction Intervention Trial found that Blood Pressure control remains suboptimal among US patients with hypertension, while a nationwide Korean population-based study reported that early or delayed antihypertensive medication after newly detected hypertension was associated with cardiovascular outcomes, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and death. In parallel, a formulation study on valsartan nanocapsules emphasized improved oral delivery for the control of hypertension, illustrating ongoing pharmaceutical optimization of antihypertensive therapy.

Mechanistic studies linked arterial hypertension to vascular and inflammatory biology. Urolithin A was reported to alleviate vascular remodeling through mitochondrial SIRT3-mediated SOD2 deacetylation and antioxidation in hypertensive rats, reinforcing the concept that vascular remodeling contributes to hypertension. Another study targeted HSP90 to suppress STAT1/CCL8-driven inflammation and mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction in hypertension-induced atrial fibrillation, connecting hypertension with atrial electrical remodeling and inflammatory signaling. In lupus mice, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor therapy with galantamine mitigated hypertension alongside inflammation and renal injury, suggesting modulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. A separate rat study linked peri-pubertal high-fat diet exposure to adult cardiovascular dysfunction and hypertension through the renin–angiotensin system, underscoring developmental programming of Blood Pressure regulation.

Hypertension was also investigated in the context of metabolic disease and multimorbidity. Multiple studies noted that diabetes and hypertension are closely linked and often coexist, with medication prioritization affecting adherence and health outcomes. In community and health-system research, hypertension was described as a major non-communicable disease with low control rates, including in a remote chronic disease management program and in a Bangladesh primary care intervention focused on diabetes and hypertension care. Other studies examined hypertension as a common cardiovascular risk factor in Sjögren’s disease, as a comorbidity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and as a factor associated with oral mucositis severity in head and neck cancer patients.

Population-level and epidemiologic studies further reinforced the burden of hypertension. A pooled analysis of adults from 27 European countries assessed the prevalence of self-reported current or previous hypertension diagnosis. NHANES-based analyses and other cohort studies linked hypertension with obesity, metabolic syndrome, serum uric acid in children and adolescents, nutritional risk, and cardiometabolic abnormalities. In childhood cancer survivors, unhealthy lifestyle was associated with higher subsequent risk of hypertension, among other chronic conditions. In people with HIV, REPRIEVE-related analyses evaluated the incidence, risk factors, and cardiovascular impact of hypertension, including the possibility that pitavastatin might reduce incident hypertension. Across these studies, arterial hypertension consistently emerged as both a disease entity and a marker of broader cardiometabolic risk.

Key Publications

• Jun Toxicity and risk after using new modalities of radiotherapy in Algeria: retrospective intercomparison study. (Radiation protection dosimetry, 2026, PMID 42233309): "A total of 72 patients (GI, GII, GIII, and GIV) were treated using: VMAT1, VMAT2, HT and 3D-CRT."
• Jun Physical activity and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D1 (GPLD1) plasma levels in different age cohorts. (PloS one, 2026, PMID 42224196): "We investigated whether different PA modes, diseases (obesity, hypertension, and diabetes), and age affect plasma GPLD1 levels using three different study cohorts."
• Jun Protocol for Afterschool Rx 2.0: A pilot randomized crossover trial to determine the feasibility of prescriptions to afterschool care for children with cardiovascular risk factors. (Contemporary clinical trials, 2026, PMID 42009101): "CVD risk factors in childhood, including obesity and hypertension, can be mitigated with physical activity and a healthy diet."
• Jun Adult cardiovascular dysfunction induced by peri-pubertal high-fat diet exposure is mediated by the renin-angiotensin axis in male rats. (Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 2026, PMID 42107303): "This study investigated whether the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is associated with the hypertension and metabolic syndrome induced by high-fat diet exposure during the peri-pubertal phase in rats."
• Jun A Remote Chronic Disease Management Program to Improve Cardiovascular and Metabolic Outcomes in a Diverse Community-Based Diabetic Population: Study Design of the TAMIS Trial. (Journal of evaluation in clinical practice, 2026, PMID 42053330): "...control rates are notably low for conditions such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), and dyslipidemia."
• Jun A Qualitative Study to Explore the Influence of Condition Prioritisation in People With Coexisting Diabetes and Hypertension on Medication Adherence. (Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 2026, PMID 42083333): "Considering that diabetes and hypertension are closely linked, prioritising medication for one condition over the other can have serious health implications."
• Jun Interpretable deep learning with pharmacogenomics predicts myocardial infarction in angiotensin receptor blocker treated hypertension. (Journal of hypertension, 2026, PMID 42052888): "A significant residual risk of myocardial infarction (MI) persists in hypertensive patients treated with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)."
• Jun A Randomized Trial to Investigate the Effects of Low-Dose Colchicine in Patients with Hypertension: Rationale and Design of the COlchicine and HypERtENsion Trial (COHERENT). (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2026, PMID 42210033): "This study can help elucidate the pathophysiological pathways from early-stage cardiovascular disease - where only hypertension is present - and determine whether anti-inflammatory therapy such as colchicine can help prevent deleterious vascular function changes and potentially prevent progression to overt cardiovascular disease."
• Jun Major adverse cardiovascular events in Sjögren's disease: incidence, associated factors, and impact on mortality in a prospective multicenter cohort. (Rheumatology international, 2026, PMID 42223667): "CVRFs were common, particularly dyslipidemia (33.1%) and hypertension (26.4%)."
• Jun QT interval prolongation and its related factors before and after receiving lopinavir-ritonavir in the COVID-19 era: a historical cohort study. (Virus research, 2026, PMID 42067143): "...other than one-third of patients with comorbidities or additional QT-prolonging drugs, aside from hypertension and obesity..."