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heart failure

heart failure

Overview

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome in which the heart is unable to pump blood sufficiently to meet the body’s metabolic demands, or can do so only at the cost of elevated filling pressures. It is not a single disease, but a final common pathway of many cardiovascular and systemic disorders, including ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension, valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and atherosclerosis. Clinically, it is commonly classified by left ventricular ejection fraction into heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), reflecting different patterns of systolic and diastolic dysfunction.

Biologically, heart failure involves structural remodeling of the myocardium, neurohormonal activation, inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired calcium handling. These processes contribute to progressive ventricular dysfunction, exercise intolerance, congestion, arrhythmia risk, hospitalization, and mortality. Because heart failure is common, costly, and heterogeneous, it remains a major focus of translational research, precision medicine, and therapeutic development.

Focus of Latest Publications

Recent publications have focused on heart failure in several clinical and implementation settings, with particular attention to comorbidities, risk stratification, and care delivery. In primary care patients with heart failure in southern Sweden, investigators conducted a cross-sectional study in the HISS cohort to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency and its association with symptom severity, reflecting ongoing interest in a common comorbidity linked to reduced functional capacity, higher symptom burden, and increased hospitalization risk. Another population-based retrospective cohort study examined how type 2 diabetes mellitus relates to heart failure hospitalization patterns across demographic groups and heart failure subtypes, underscoring the importance of metabolic comorbidity in hospitalization risk.

Several studies addressed heart failure within broader cardiovascular risk frameworks. A nationwide cohort study evaluated whether the association between heart failure and ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation is age dependent. In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, researchers assessed whether cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome staging, together with echocardiographic characteristics, predicts incident heart failure. In individuals with type 1 diabetes, another study investigated whether shrunken pore syndrome, defined by a discrepancy between cystatin C- and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate, is associated with heart failure and other cardiovascular outcomes.

Heart failure has also been examined in relation to interventions and care models. A multicenter retrospective cohort study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of metabolic and bariatric procedures, including surgical and endoscopic approaches, in individuals with and without heart failure. In Quebec, a qualitative report described implementation of a multidevice telemonitoring program for home-based nursing care in older adults with heart failure, with the stated aim of assessing feasibility, acceptability, and organizational conditions for implementation in public home care systems.

Drug development studies have likewise included heart failure populations. A population pharmacokinetic analysis of the novel myeloperoxidase inhibitor mitiperstat pooled data from five clinical trials, including a phase 2a study in patients with heart failure with preserved/mildly reduced ejection fraction. The model identified baseline body weight, disease status, Asian race, and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate as significant covariates for apparent clearance, and age as a significant covariate for apparent central volume of distribution; exposure increased as estimated glomerular filtration rate declined, with severe renal impairment and lower body weight having the largest impact on exposure.

Key Publications

  • NEWJul Iron deficiency in primary care patients with heart failure: a cross-sectional study of the heart failure in Southern Sweden (HISS) cohort. (BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2026, PMID 42399800): "This study aimed to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency among primary care patients with heart failure in southern Sweden and to examine its association with symptom severity."
  • NEWJul Heart failure hospitalization in patients with and without type 2 diabetes: A population-based retrospective cohort study. (PloS one, 2026, PMID 42391246): "This study aims to describe how T2DM relates to HF hospitalization patterns across demographic groups and HF subtypes."
  • NEWJun The respiratory microbiome: dynamics from health to disease. (FEMS microbiology ecology, 2026, PMID 42329775): "Across asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and respiratory infection, dysbiosis is interpreted not as a set of disease-specific taxa, but as a context-dependent outcome of shared ecological mechanisms."
  • NEWJun Implementation of a Multidevice Telemonitoring Program for Home-Based Nursing Care in Quebec: Qualitative Report. (JMIR medical informatics, 2026, PMID 42302234): "In 2023-2024, the Quebec Ministry of Health and Social Services funded a pilot to implement a multidevice telemonitoring intervention for older adults with heart failure across three integrated health and social services centers (CISSS)."
  • Jun Population Pharmacokinetics of the Novel Myeloperoxidase Inhibitor Mitiperstat. (Pharmacology research & perspectives, 2026, PMID 42101107): "Mitiperstat is a novel myeloperoxidase inhibitor being investigated for the treatment of heart failure, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease."
  • May Age-Dependent Association between Heart Failure and Stroke Risk in Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Cohort Study. (Journal of the American Heart Association, 2026, PMID 42089202): "We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study to examine whether the association between heart failure (HF) and ischemic stroke in patients with AF is age dependent."
  • Apr Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Stages, Echocardiographic Characteristics, and Heart Failure Risk: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. (Circulation, 2026, PMID 41919388): "...but whether the CKM syndrome staging framework is predictive of incident heart failure (HF) in this population remains uncertain."
  • May Safety and Effectiveness of Metabolic and Bariatric Procedures in Heart Failure: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study. (Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2026, PMID 41854174): "This study examined the safety and effectiveness of metabolic and bariatric procedures (MBPs), including surgical and endoscopic interventions, among individuals with versus without heart failure (HF)."
  • May Shrunken Pore Syndrome and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes With and Without Albuminuria. (Diabetes care, 2026, PMID 41842751): "To investigate the association between "shrunken pore syndrome" (SPS), defined as a large discrepancy between estimated glomerular filtration rates based on cystatin C (eGFRcys) and creatinine (eGFRcr), and coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, peripheral artery disease (PAD), heart failure (HF), and all-cause mortality in individuals with T1D with and without albuminuria."
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